South East Europe history

	Hitite
	Tocharian
Mycenean Mycenean The Achaean Greeks lived in parts of Greece from around 2000 BC to the Doric invasions around 1200 BC. Their contacts with the pre-Indo-European peoples have led to many loan words from Pelasgian and Cretan and the contact with the peoples of Crete (Minoans) also gave the Greeks writing, know as Linear B.	Classical Greek	Koine		Greek
	Old Macedonian Old Macedonian Many speculate the ancient language of Macedonia, there are no inscriptions and only a few words that are the supposed remnants. Although the Greeks recognised the Macedones as a separate people and regarded them as barbaroi this cannot confirm that their language was not a Greek dialect. These areas have been influenced by many migrations and the ethnic composition appears to have been a mix of Thracian, Illyrian and Greek. Some consider these peoples to be related to the non-Indo-European Pelasgians, others believe them to be very close to Greeks or Thracians. Contacts with the Greek Halkidiki and Thessalia regions strengthened from the 5th century BC and Macedonian, if it existed, was replaced by Greek, disappearing in the 3^rd century BC, leaving only a few remains in the dialects of Northern Greece. .
Mycenean Mycenean Paleo-Balkan tribes left Asia with the first wave of migrants, sometimes called Thraco-Illyro-Phrygians, who settled on the Balkan peninsula between 2300 BC and 2200 BC. These later divided into two branches with the Thraco-Illyrians settling in the Balkan mountains, Illyria, Pannonia, Dacia and parts of Italy, and the Phrygians settling in the South-East Balkans and Asia Minor. Little is known about Paleo-Balkan languages, other than: they are Indo-European they were closely related to each other they were also related closely to Greek, Slavic, Italic they had a percentage of pre-Indo-European vocabulary	Thraco-Illyrian	Illyrian	Albanian	Gheg (north)
			Messapic language Messapic language A couple of Illyrian tribes crossed the Adriatic to Apulia in south-eastern Italy around 800 BC. Messapic was originally an Illyrian dialect, with some similarities to the neighbouring Italic language of Oscan. Messapic existed until the region was conquered by Rome.	Tosk (south)
		Venetic language Venetic language The Veneti tribes lived in north-eastern Italy, and adjacent regions of Slovenia and Austria. Venetic is thought to have been a separate language with influences from Etruscan and Illyrian, and having similarities with Celtic. Inscriptions in Venetic have been found dating from 600 BC until the 1st century BC when this region fell under Roman rule.
		Thracian
		Dacian language Dacian language This language was spoken by the tribes who live north of the Balkan mountains (the area of modern Romania plus parts of north Bulgaria, Moldavia and the Ukraine). Dacian is separated from Thracian by changes in vowel sounds and the preservation of un-aspirated stops. Dacian town names end in -deva or -dava meaning fortress, many villages still have the -eshte - ishte ending.
	Phrygian language Phrygian language The Phrygians are thought to have been Indo-European peoples that moved to west and central Anatolia from Thrace around 1200 BC. The language has a common route to Thracian, but is a closer relative to Armenian. Inscriptions have been found dating from 800 BC to 300AD. Those from later in this period are closer to Greek and include many Greek words.			Armenian language Armenian language Armenian replaced the previous languages by the 7th century BC. In the 5th century BC an alphabet was invented and the written. Grabar or classical Armenian, continued in literature until the 19th century AD. The spoken language developed different dialects which are not all mutually intelligible. The modern dialects are eastern Armenian spoken in the Republic of Armenia and western Armenian spoken by the populations formally of western Anatolia, now displaced.
			Catalan
			Castilian	Spanish
Italic	Vulgar Latin	Iberian	Galician	Portuguese
	Classical Latin	Gallic	Langue d'oil	French
	Oscan		Langue d'oc	Provencal
	Umbrian	Italian		Italian
	Venetic Venetic The Veneti tribes lived in north-eastern Italy, and adjacent regions of Slovenia and Austria. Venetic is thought to have been a separate language with influences from Etruscan and Illyrian, and having similarities with Celtic. Inscriptions in Venetic have been found dating from 600 BC until the 1st century BC when this region fell under Roman rule.		Rhaeto-Romance	Romansch
			Sard
			Corsu
		Balkan	Daco-Romanian	Romanian
			Macedo-Romanian
			Megleno-Romanian
			Istro-Romanian
Celtic	Insular Celtic	Gaelic	Manx
				Irish
				Scots Gaelic
		British		Breton
				Welsh
	Continetal Celtic	Lepontic	Cornish
		Gaulish
		Celtiberian
		Burgunian
			Gepid
		Lombardic	Gothic
Germanic	East Germanic	Vandalic
				Icelandic
				Norwegian
				Faerose
				Danish
	North Germanic	Old Norse		Swedish
	West German	Old low German		Frisian
				Dutch
			Old English	English
		Old high German		German
				Yiddish
				Belorussian
				Russian
Slavonic	East			Ukrainan
				Macedonian
	South			Bulgarian
				Serbo-Croat
	Old church Slavonic			Slovene
	West			Kashubian
				Polish
				Sorb
	Old Prussian			Czech/Solvak
				Lithuanian
Baltic				Latvian
Indo-Iranian	Dardic
(part only)	Sanskrit	Prakrit		Romany
	Avestan

indo-european language tree

References