Late Neolithic period, to 5000 BC

The transition from the Paleolithic period (characterised by the use of unpolished stone tools) to the Neolithic period (characterised by polished stone tools, crop growing and stock rearing) paralleled the withdrawal of the ice age between 15,000 to 10,000 BC.

Every Romanian history museum has displays of the outstanding Neolithic cultures from the Carpathian-Danubian-Pontic area. The main cultures are:

Hamangia - 4,000 to 3,000 BC in Dobrogea.

Boian - Wallachian plain between Carpathian and Balkan mountains.

Strcevo-Cris - West Romanian, parts of Serbia and Hungary.